Gene Editing Technology: Research Progress, Applications, and Future Directions
Gene editing technology has emerged as a transformative tool in biomedical research and therapeutic development. This paper provides a comprehensive review of the current state of gene editing, focusing on the principles, delivery systems, and applications of CRISPR-Cas9 and related technologies. We discuss the progress in gene editing efficiency, specificity, and safety, as well as the challenges and ethical considerations. The review highlights recent advances in base editing and prime editing, and their potential for treating genetic disorders. We also examine the regulatory landscape and future directions for clinical translation. Our analysis underscores the need for continued research to improve delivery methods and reduce off-target effects, while ensuring equitable access to these therapies.