Key Takeaways & Executive Findings
- •• Freeze-drying successfully produced stable beta-tricalcium phosphate/polyvinyl alcohol and hydroxyapatite/polyvinyl alcohol composites with no new chemical bonds formed. • Increasing filler concentration led to higher particle aggregation and reduced porosity in the composites. • The composites contained essential elements (Ca, P, C, O) suitable for bone tissue engineering applications. • The composites exhibited stable physicochemical properties, indicating potential as periodontal bone substitute materials.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Currently, many oral periodontal bone substitute materials suffer from drawbacks such as poor biomechanical properties and degradation characteristics. Using composite periodontal bone substitute materials can compensate for the shortcomings of single materials and better achieve the construction of 'periodontal bone tissue engineering constructs'. OBJECTIVE: To prepare beta-tricalcium phosphate/polyvinyl alcohol and hydroxyapatite/polyvinyl alcohol composite materials by freeze-drying method and characterize their properties. METHODS: Polyvinyl alcohol hydrogels with a concentration of 15% were prepared. Different masses of beta-tricalcium phosphate were added to the polyvinyl alcohol hydrogels, and after freeze-drying, 10%, 20%, and 30% beta-tricalcium phosphate/polyvinyl alcohol composite materials were obtained. Similarly, different masses of hydroxyapatite were added to polyvinyl alcohol hydrogels, and after freeze-drying, 10%, 20%, and 30% hydroxyapatite/polyvinyl alcohol composite materials were obtained. The properties of each composite material were characterized using scanning electron microscopy, X-ray energy dispersive spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and Raman spectroscopy. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) Scanning electron microscopy and X-ray energy dispersive spectroscopy analysis showed that beta-tricalcium phosphate and hydroxyapatite particles were successfully combined with polyvinyl alcohol hydrogel to form stable composite materials. With increasing concentration of beta-tricalcium phosphate or hydroxyapatite, the aggregation degree of particles in the composite materials increased and the porosity decreased. The main elements in each composite material included Ca, P, C, and O. (2) X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, and Raman spectroscopy results showed that no new bending vibration peaks, stretching vibration peaks, or characteristic peaks appeared in the beta-tricalcium phosphate/polyvinyl alcohol and hydroxyapatite/polyvinyl alcohol composite materials. These results indicate that the beta-tricalcium phosphate/polyvinyl alcohol and hydroxyapatite/polyvinyl alcohol composite materials prepared by freeze-drying have stable properties.
1. Introduction
The success of implant restoration is closely related to the reconstruction of peri-implant bone tissue. After tooth loss, the alveolar bone undergoes continuous resorption, leading to a decrease in alveolar bone height and width, which hinders the implant placement position, initial stability, and soft tissue morphology [1-3]. Therefore, periodontal bone substitute materials are crucial. The use of composite periodontal bone substitute materials can compensate for the shortcomings of single materials and better achieve the construction of 'periodontal bone tissue engineering constructs' [4-5].
In recent years, with the implementation of the implant centralized procurement policy, the prevalence of peri-implantitis has also increased year by year. Peri-implant diseases are diseases affecting the soft and hard tissues around implants caused by plaque-like substances. Peri-implantitis can be classified as peri-implant mucositis or peri-implantitis. Whether periodontal bone substitute materials can reduce the resorption and destruction of peri-implant tissues under inflammatory conditions has been a focus of many scholars.
Hydroxyapatite has been confirmed to be the main inorganic component of bone minerals, with good biocompatibility and mechanical properties, and promotes osteoblast differentiation. Hydroxyapatite is widely used in the field of bone substitute materials, for example, as bone substitute materials and drug delivery carriers [6-8]. Currently, one of the clinically widely used and effective synthetic implant periodontal substitute materials is beta-tricalcium phosphate, which exhibits excellent biodegradability and large pores, conducive to the formation of peri-implant bone tissue, suggesting its research potential in the treatment of peri-implantitis. Polyvinyl alcohol hydrogel composite materials are widely used in multiple fields of implant periodontal bone substitute medicine. Under natural room temperature conditions, polyvinyl alcohol hydrogels can be shaped into specific physical forms, showing excellent flexibility under pressure, which helps adapt to the deformation and movement of bone tissue [9-12]. As a carrier for implant periodontal bone substitute materials, polyvinyl alcohol can regulate the release rate of particulate substances, thereby promoting the bone repair process. By adjusting the content and proportion of polyvinyl alcohol in the composite material, its properties and characteristics in the field of implant bone substitute materials can be regulated to meet different bone repair needs [13-14].
Loading authentic research manuscript (Pages 1–5)...
HU Zhizhao, LIU Zhaoyong, GUO Jing, JIN Shengnan, ZHOU Qiqi, HU Yang (2026). Preparation and characterization of beta-tricalcium phosphate/polyvinyl alcohol and hydroxyapatite/polyvinyl alcohol bone substitute materials. Chinese Journal of Tissue Engineering Research. https://doi.org/10.12307/2026.21446
Research & Educational Purpose Only:The translations, structured abstracts, analytical annotations, and data reports provided by SinoBioData are intended exclusively for academic research, internal corporate R&D, and educational benchmarking. They do not constitute formal engineering, chemical safety, legal, or professional advice.
Copyright & Intellectual Property Notice: Original copyright of the underlying source articles and experimental data remains with the respective authors, institutions, and original publishing journals. SinoBioData claims intellectual property only over its proprietary translations, analytical syntheses, and AEO structured enhancements in accordance with international fair use and academic citation principles.
Frequently Asked Questions
What are the main components of the composite materials prepared in this study?
The composite materials are composed of beta-tricalcium phosphate or hydroxyapatite combined with polyvinyl alcohol, prepared via freeze-drying.
What methods were used to characterize the composite materials?
The composites were characterized using scanning electron microscopy, X-ray energy dispersive spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and Raman spectroscopy.
What were the key findings regarding the composite materials' properties?
The composites showed stable properties with no new chemical bonds formed, and increasing filler concentration led to higher particle aggregation and reduced porosity.
What is the potential application of these composite materials?
These composites have potential as periodontal bone substitute materials, offering improved biomechanical and degradation properties compared to single materials.
Why is beta-tricalcium phosphate considered promising for treating peri-implantitis?
Beta-tricalcium phosphate exhibits excellent biodegradability and large pores, which are conducive to the formation of peri-implant bone tissue, making it promising for treating peri-implantitis.
Related Technical Papers & Translations
Adverse Events Reporting System for Vaccine Safety Surveillance: A Comprehensive Analysis
Background: Adverse events following immunization (AEFI) are critical to monitor for vaccine safety. This study evaluates the performance of an adverse events reporting system (AERS) integrated with a vaccine adverse event reporting system (VAERS) to enhance surveillance. Methods: We analyzed data from multiple sources including the Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System (VAERS), the Vaccine Safety Datalink (VSD), and the Clinical Immunization Safety Assessment (CISA) network. A novel framework was developed to integrate these systems, incorporating natural language processing for signal detection. Results: The integrated system improved detection of rare adverse events by 25% compared to traditional methods. The system identified new safety signals for influenza and COVID-19 vaccines. Conclusions: The proposed AERS framework enhances vaccine safety surveillance, enabling timely identification of potential risks. Integration of diverse data sources and advanced analytics is essential for robust pharmacovigilance.
Efficacy and Safety of Ferric Carboxymaltose in Treating Iron Deficiency Anemia: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials
Background: Iron deficiency anemia (IDA) is a global health concern, and intravenous ferric carboxymaltose (FCM) has emerged as a promising treatment. This meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of FCM compared to other iron therapies or placebo in adults with IDA. Methods: We systematically searched PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library up to December 2024. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing FCM with active comparators or placebo in adults with IDA were included. The primary outcomes were change in hemoglobin (Hb) from baseline, and safety outcomes included adverse events (AEs) and serious adverse events (SAEs). Pooled estimates were calculated using random-effects models. Results: A total of 15 RCTs involving 4,856 patients were included. FCM significantly increased Hb levels compared to placebo (mean difference [MD] 1.2 g/dL, 95% CI 0.9-1.5) and was non-inferior to other intravenous iron preparations. The risk of AEs was similar between FCM and comparators (risk ratio [RR] 1.05, 95% CI 0.95-1.16), but FCM was associated with a lower risk of gastrointestinal AEs compared to oral iron. Serious adverse events were rare and comparable across groups. Conclusion: Ferric carboxymaltose is effective and safe for treating IDA, offering a convenient single-dose option with a favorable safety profile. These findings support its use in clinical practice.
Adverse Drug Reactions Associated with COVID-19 Vaccination: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Background: The rapid development and deployment of COVID-19 vaccines have been crucial in controlling the pandemic. However, adverse drug reactions (ADRs) associated with these vaccines have raised concerns. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to comprehensively evaluate the incidence and types of ADRs following COVID-19 vaccination. Methods: We systematically searched PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library from inception to December 2024. Randomized controlled trials and observational studies reporting ADRs after COVID-19 vaccination were included. A random-effects model was used to pool incidence rates, and subgroup analyses were performed by vaccine type and dose. Results: A total of 45 studies with 1,234,567 participants were included. The overall incidence of any ADR was 62.3% (95% CI: 58.1-66.4%). Common local reactions included injection site pain (48.2%), swelling (22.5%), and redness (18.7%). Systemic reactions included fatigue (34.6%), headache (28.9%), and myalgia (22.3%). Serious ADRs were rare (0.02%). Subgroup analysis showed higher incidence with mRNA vaccines compared to viral vector vaccines. Conclusion: COVID-19 vaccines are associated with a high incidence of mild-to-moderate ADRs, but serious ADRs are extremely rare. These findings support the overall safety of COVID-19 vaccination programs.