• Freeze-drying successfully produced stable beta-tricalcium phosphate/polyvinyl alcohol and hydroxyapatite/polyvinyl alcohol composites with no new chemical bonds formed.
• Increasing filler concentration led to higher particle aggregation and reduced porosity in the composites.
• The composites contained essential elements (Ca, P, C, O) suitable for bone tissue engineering applications.
• The composites exhibited stable physicochemical properties, indicating potential as periodontal bone substitute materials.