Key Takeaways & Executive Findings
- •• S. aureus infection significantly impacts the migration, differentiation, and activity of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), which are crucial for regenerative medicine. • Stem cell therapy, particularly using MSCs and hematopoietic stem cells, offers promising anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory strategies against S. aureus-induced inflammatory disorders. • Understanding the molecular mechanisms by which S. aureus affects stem cells can enhance the efficacy of stem cell-based treatments for infectious diseases. • This review provides new insights into the therapeutic potential of adult stem cells in managing S. aureus infections, addressing the urgent need for alternatives to antibiotics.
Abstract
Due to the advanced studies on stem cells in developmental biology, the roles of stem cells in the body and their phenotypes in related diseases have not been covered clearly. Meanwhile, with the intensive research on the mechanisms of stem cells in regulating various diseases, stem cell therapy is increasingly being attention because of its effectiveness and safety. As one of the most widely used stem cell in stem cell therapies, hematopoietic stem cell transplantation shows huge advantage in treatment of leukemia and other blood-malignant diseases. Besides, due to the effect of anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory, mesenchymal stem cells could be a potential therapeutic strategy for variety infectious diseases. In this review, we summarized the effects of Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) and its components on different types of adult stem cells and their downstream signaling pathways. Also, we reviewed the roles of different kinds of stem cells in various disease models caused by S. aureus, providing new insights for applying stem cell therapy to treat infectious diseases.
1. Introduction
As one of the most frequently detected bacteria in human infectious diseases [1], S. aureus is closely related to the occurrence of lung infection, bacteremia, infective endocarditis, osteomyelitis, and many other inflammatory disorders [2]. The preferred treatment for S. aureus-related infection is β-lactam antibiotics [3]. However, antibiotic resistance has developed rapidly in recent years. It has been reported that the death per year caused by antibiotic resistance has exceeded 10 million and will exceed that caused by cancer by 2050 [4]. Based on this emergency issue, exploring new strategies against such antibiotic resistance is crucial. Recently, many studies have reported that stem cells have powerful immune regulatory functions, playing an essential role in treating various infectious diseases [5].
Stem cells are a group of cells with self-renewal and self-differentiation functions [6], which are classified into four categories according to their sources: embryonic stem cells (ESCs), fetal and adult stem cells, and induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) [7]. Since adult stem cells do not cause rejection or ethical controversy, relevant studies on them have been applied in the models of various infectious diseases [8]. Although many studies have confirmed that stem cells play positive roles in infectious diseases, they can also be influenced by the infectious environment. Understanding the mechanisms of how S. aureus and its components affect the functions of stem cells may help us exert their anti-infectious function more effectively and play more excellent value in the management of infectious diseases.
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Zi-xian Liu, Guan-qiao Liu, Ze-xin Lin, Ying-qi Chen, Peng Chen, Yan-jun Hu, Bin Yu, Nan Jiang (2026). Effects of Staphylococcus aureus on stem cells and potential targeted treatment of inflammatory disorders. Stem Cell Research & Therapy. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13287-024-03781-6
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Frequently Asked Questions
What is the impact of Staphylococcus aureus on mesenchymal stem cells?
S. aureus can affect the migration, recruitment, lineage differentiation, and activity of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), which are crucial for regenerative medicine and immune regulation.
How can stem cell therapy help treat S. aureus infections?
Stem cell therapy, particularly using mesenchymal stem cells and hematopoietic stem cells, offers anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory effects that can help manage S. aureus-induced inflammatory disorders and potentially overcome antibiotic resistance.
What are the main types of stem cells discussed in this review?
The review focuses on adult stem cells, including mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and adipose stem cells, and their roles in S. aureus infections.
Why is there a need for new strategies against S. aureus infections?
Antibiotic resistance has become a major global health threat, with deaths from resistant infections projected to exceed those from cancer by 2050, necessitating alternative therapeutic approaches like stem cell therapy.
What is the significance of understanding S. aureus effects on stem cells?
Understanding the mechanisms by which S. aureus affects stem cells can help optimize stem cell-based therapies for infectious diseases, enhancing their anti-infectious functions and clinical outcomes.
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