• TCR-T cell therapy can target the entire proteome of cancer cells, offering a broader range of targets compared to CAR-T therapy, which is limited to surface antigens.
• Recent advancements in TCR-T cell therapy include the discovery of novel tumor antigens, innovative protein engineering techniques, and reprogramming strategies that enhance T-cell function and persistence.
• Clinical trials have demonstrated success of TCR-T cell therapy in treating solid tumors, a significant achievement given the limited efficacy of CAR-T therapy in such cancers.
• The review highlights the progress of TCR-T cell therapy in China and proposes future directions, including optimizing TCR affinity and overcoming the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment.