• RBPs regulate tumorigenesis and chemoresistance through diverse RNA processes, including splicing, translation, and m6A modification.
• Six canonical RNA-binding domains (RRM, KH, etc.) are structurally characterized, with multiple domains enhancing binding specificity.
• Dysregulation of RBPs is common in cancers, offering prognostic biomarkers and potential therapeutic targets.
• Emerging computational tools for predicting RBP-RNA interactions facilitate the discovery of novel drug targets.