• SOX2 is highly expressed in LUSC and correlates with poor prognosis, driving carboplatin resistance.
• SOX2 directly transactivates NRF2, enhancing glutathione synthesis to counteract carboplatin-induced oxidative stress.
• Inhibition of NRF2, either pharmacologically or genetically, reverses SOX2-mediated carboplatin resistance in vitro and in vivo.
• The SOX2-NRF2 axis is a promising therapeutic target; NRF2 inhibition could overcome chemoresistance in LUSC.
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