Salidroside ameliorates acute liver transplantation rejection in rats by inhibiting neutrophil extracellular trap formation

• Salidroside reduces pathological liver damage and serum levels of inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α) in a rat model of acute liver transplantation rejection. • Salidroside inhibits neutrophil extracellular trap (NET) formation by downregulating the HMGB1/TLR-4/MAPK signaling pathway, both in vivo and in vitro. • Combination therapy of salidroside with tacrolimus shows superior efficacy compared to either monotherapy, suggesting a potential adjunctive immunosuppressive strategy. • These findings highlight salidroside as a promising therapeutic candidate for preventing acute rejection after liver transplantation, with potential clinical translation.