• RNase P has non-canonical functions beyond tRNA processing, including roles in chromatin assembly, DNA damage response, and genome stability maintenance.
• Protein subunits of RNase P interact with histone H3.3 and are recruited to DNA double-strand breaks, promoting homologous recombination repair.
• RNase P components are implicated in tumorigenesis, suggesting potential as therapeutic targets in cancer.
• The review highlights the emerging complexity of RNase P as a multifunctional ribonucleoprotein complex.