• Over 170 RNA modifications collectively form the epitranscriptome, impacting RNA metabolism and nearly all biological processes.
• Key modifications (m6A, m5C, Ψ, ac4C, m1A, m7G) on mRNA, tRNA, and rRNA regulate RNA processing, structure, localization, stability, and translation efficiency.
• Dysregulation of RNA modification-related proteins is linked to infertility, developmental disorders, and various diseases.
• Understanding RNA modification mechanisms offers potential strategies for managing developmental disorders and improving reproductive health.