Prostatic lineage differentiation from human embryonic stem cells through inducible expression of NKX3-1

• Established a stepwise protocol to differentiate human embryonic stem cells into prostate-like organoids in vitro. • Demonstrated that NKX3-1 is essential for prostatic lineage commitment, as its inducible expression enabled generation of AR/FOXA1/NKX3-1 triple-positive cells. • Provided a novel NKX3-1-inducible cell line and a 3D culture system that recapitulates key aspects of prostate development. • Offers a human-derived model to study prostate development and disease, reducing reliance on rodent models.