MSCs attenuate airway remodeling in HDM-induced asthma by inhibiting the Timp1-Wnt2b axis

• MSCs effectively reverse airway remodeling in a chronic HDM-induced asthma mouse model, closely mimicking clinical asthma. • MSC treatment inhibits the HIF-1 signaling pathway and downregulates Timp1 and Wnt2b expression, which are key players in fibrosis. • STRING and western blot analyses confirm a reciprocal interaction between Timp1 and Wnt2b, suggesting a coordinated axis. • Overexpression of Timp1 in MSCs abolishes their therapeutic effect, proving that MSCs act via inhibiting the Timp1-Wnt2b axis.