Official PDF Translation•Stem Cell Research & Therapy

In vitro assays for investigating the immunomodulatory properties of human mesenchymal stromal cells

Authors: Laura Lykke Lethager; Stine Bangsgaard; Ellen Mønsted Johansen; Abbas Ali Qayyum; Jan Pravsgaard Christensen; Annette Ekblond; Morten Juhl Nørgaard; Lisbeth Drozd Højgaard

DOI: 10.1186/s13287-026-04920-xStatus: Verified Translated Edition

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Key Findings in This Report

• MSC immunomodulation research lacks standardized assays, leading to variability and inconclusive clinical efficacy. • Characterization, proliferation, and polarization assays are most common, often combined with priming strategies. • Key variability sources include MSC tissue source, donor health status, and assay design. • A minimum reporting checklist and multi-assay workflows are recommended to improve comparability and transparency.