Future medical research on brain organoids: interdisciplinary training, bioengineering technologies, and optimized model maturity

• The field of brain organoid medical research has experienced rapid growth, with the United States leading in productivity and influence. • The University of California system is the top contributing institution, and extensive collaborative networks exist among institutions, though inter-team collaboration remains limited. • Long-term research hotspots include pluripotent stem cells, in vitro models, and culture, while recent focus has shifted to choroid plexus, human cortical organoids, and microglia. • Future directions emphasize interdisciplinary integration of brain organoid culture with bioengineering technologies to enhance model maturity for regenerative medicine and brain disease research.