Official PDF Translation•Stem Cell Research & Therapy

Functional Development of Photoreceptors in Human Retinal Organoids

Authors: Yue Zhang; Mingxia Du; Yi-Han Wang; Min Li; Kangxin Jin; Deng Pan; Xiao Zhang; Zi-Bing Jin

DOI: 10.1186/s13287-026-05027-zStatus: Verified Translated Edition

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Key Findings in This Report

• Comprehensive electrophysiological timeline for photoreceptor maturation in human retinal organoids over 300 days. • HCN and Nav currents progressively increase, peaking at D240 and D210-215, respectively. • Action potential generation capacity rises from 16.7% at D90-95 to 90.2% by D240-245. • D240 is established as a key benchmark for functional maturity, comparable to native photoreceptors.