Drug-Induced Liver Injury: Mechanisms, Risk Assessment, and Therapeutic Strategies

• DILI is a leading cause of acute liver failure, with drug metabolism and immune responses playing central roles. • Genetic polymorphisms in drug-metabolizing enzymes and transporters significantly influence individual susceptibility to DILI. • Current diagnostic biomarkers lack specificity; novel biomarkers and risk prediction models are urgently needed. • Management of DILI relies on early withdrawal of the offending drug, with targeted therapies such as NAC and corticosteroids for specific phenotypes.