Correlation of bone mineral density assessed using quantitative CT with obesity indicators, blood pressure, platelet count, and blood lipids in perimenopausal women

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Due to the decline in ovarian function, reduced estrogen secretion, and endocrine disorders, perimenopausal women are more prone to osteoporosis. There are few studies on the correlation of bone mineral density with obesity indicators, blood pressure, blood routine, and glycolipid metabolism in perimenopause women, and the research results are controversial. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the correlation of bone mineral density with quantitative CT with obesity indicators, blood pressure, platelet count, and glycolipid metabolism in perimenopause women. METHODS: This is a single-center retrospective study. 490 perimenopause women who were admitted to Guizhou Hospital of Beijing Jishuitan Hospital from January 1, 2022 to December 31, 2024 were selected. Their age, height, body mass, waist circumference, blood pressure, fasting blood glucose, blood routine, and blood biochemical indicators were collected to calculate body mass index, waist height ratio, body shape index, body roundness index, taper index, visceral fat index, and lipid accumulation index. Quantitative CT was used to measure lumbar spine bone mineral density. According to bone mineral density, the participants were divided into normal bone mass group, low bone mass group, and osteoporosis group. Kruskal-Wallis rank sum test was used to compare the differences in various indicators among different bone mineral density groups. Spearman correlation analysis and partial correlation analysis were used to analyze the correlation between bone mineral density and various indicators. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) There were significant differences in age, waist circumference, waist height ratio, body shape index, body roundness index, taper index, visceral fat index, lipid accumulation index, bone mineral density, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, platelet count, total cholesterol, triglycerides, and postmenopausal status among different bone mineral density groups (P < 0.05). (2) Spearman correlation analysis showed that L1 bone mineral density, L2 bone mineral density, and average bone mineral density of L1 and L2 were negatively correlated with waist circumference, waist height ratio, body shape index, body roundness index, taper index, visceral fat index, lipid accumulation index, systolic blood pressure, and diastolic blood pressure (P < 0.05), and positively correlated with platelet count (P < 0.05). L1 bone mineral density and average bone mineral density were negatively correlated with total cholesterol (P < 0.05); L1 bone mineral density was negatively correlated with triglycerides (P < 0.05). (3) After adjusting for confounding factors, L1 bone mineral density, L2 bone mineral density, and average bone mineral density were still negatively correlated with waist circumference, body shape index, and taper index (P < 0.05); L1 bone mineral density and average bone mineral density were still negatively correlated with waist height ratio and body roundness index (P < 0.05); L2 bone mineral density was positively correlated with platelet count (P < 0.05). Among abdominal obesity indicators, body shape index and taper index had the largest correlation coefficients, especially body shape index. The results indicate that for perimenopausal women, after adjusting for confounding factors, quantitative CT bone mineral density has a certain correlation with abdominal obesity indicators and platelet count, but has no correlation with systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, blood lipids, and fasting blood glucose. The research results provide reference for clinical early prevention of osteoporosis or delaying the development of osteoporosis, and have certain clinical value.

1. Introduction

Osteoporosis is a systemic metabolic bone disease characterized by decreased bone mass and deterioration of bone microstructure, which can lead to increased fracture risk, reduced quality of life, various complications, and even disability or death, imposing a huge medical burden [1]. Perimenopausal women are more prone to osteoporosis due to ovarian function decline, reduced estrogen secretion, and endocrine disorders [2]. Moreover, due to estrogen reduction, adipose tissue is redistributed, easily leading to obesity and body shape changes [3-4]. Obesity-related osteoporosis has attracted widespread attention and research, but the relationship between obesity and osteoporosis is complex, and few studies have explored the relationship between different obesity indicators and bone health. In addition, due to estrogen reduction, perimenopausal women also undergo significant changes in the central nervous system, cardiovascular system, and glycolipid metabolism, which may cause hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and hyperglycemia [5-6]. There have been many studies on the relationship between osteoporosis and blood pressure, platelet count, and glycolipid metabolism, but they mainly focus on postmenopausal women, while studies on perimenopausal women are scarce and conclusions are controversial.

Therefore, this study, based on a perimenopausal female population, explores the correlation of quantitative CT bone mineral density with different obesity indicators, blood pressure, platelet count, and glycolipid metabolism, which is helpful for early prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of osteoporosis and provides clinical reference.