Comparative effectiveness of mesenchymal stem cell versus bone-marrow mononuclear cell transplantation in heart failure: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials

• Both BMMNC and MSC transplantation significantly improve left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) in chronic heart failure patients, with no significant difference between cell types. • Stem cell therapy does not significantly reduce the risk of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) compared to controls. • There is a marginally decreased risk of all-cause death and rehospitalization with stem cell therapy, but no difference between BMMNCs and MSCs. • Future randomized controlled trials should focus on clinical outcomes to confirm the comparative effectiveness of these stem cell therapies.