• BMMSC transplantation improves cognitive function and reduces amyloid plaques and neuronal apoptosis in APP/PS1 mice via AKT pathway activation.
• Three BMMSC-derived cytokines—IGF1, VEGF, and Periostin2—are identified as key neuroprotective factors that upregulate IAPs and suppress Caspase-3 activity.
• A combination of these cytokines mimics the therapeutic effects of BMMSCs, offering a cell-free strategy for AD treatment.
• The AKT/IAPs signaling axis represents a novel molecular target for developing AD therapies.