• Schroth training has been validated as a core non-surgical method, significantly improving Cobb angle, trunk rotation, and pulmonary function, especially when combined with bracing.
• Research paradigm has shifted from single interventions to comprehensive personalized treatment models emphasizing individualized exercise prescriptions based on curve type and patient status.
• International collaboration, particularly involving Italy, the United States, and China, has driven high-quality clinical research and consensus guidelines.
• Future directions include establishing standardized exercise protocols, exploring AI and virtual reality applications, and integrating mental health and quality of life outcomes.