• Tissue/organ perfusion serves as a critical bridge between cell-based assays and whole-animal studies, enabling precise control of experimental conditions.
• Optimal perfusion parameters (e.g., perfusate composition, flow rate) must be tailored to the specific organ's physiology and anatomy.
• Perfusion technology has broad applications, including drug screening, pharmacokinetics, pathology, cancer therapy, and organ transplantation.
• Recent innovations, such as machine perfusion and integration with organ-on-a-chip, are advancing the field towards more physiological and personalized approaches.