An updated overview of lipid-regulated immunobiology in macrophages

• Lipid metabolism reprogramming is a critical determinant of macrophage function and fate in various pathophysiological contexts. • Alterations in lipid subclasses, including fatty acyl composition and oxidative status, directly influence macrophage-mediated immune responses and disease outcomes. • Advanced lipidomics techniques (e.g., LC-MS/MS) have enabled comprehensive profiling of macrophage lipidomes, revealing context-specific lipid signatures. • Understanding lipid-regulated macrophage biology offers potential therapeutic targets for inflammatory diseases, cancer, and lipid nanoparticle-based interventions.