Aminophylline suppresses chronic renal failure progression by activating SIRT1/AMPK/mTOR-dependent autophagy

• Aminophylline significantly reduces serum creatinine, urinary protein, and blood urea nitrogen levels in a rat model of chronic renal failure (CRF), indicating improved renal function. • The renoprotective effect of aminophylline is mediated by activation of SIRT1/AMPK signaling, leading to mTOR inhibition and enhanced autophagy, as evidenced by increased LC3B and decreased p-mTOR. • Aminophylline alleviates renal tissue injury and glomerular apoptosis in CRF rats, suggesting a potential therapeutic strategy for slowing CRF progression. • The study provides mechanistic insights into aminophylline's action, highlighting its potential as a novel treatment for chronic kidney disease.