Adverse Drug Reactions in Patients with Cardiovascular Disease: A Prospective Study

• ADRs occurred in 19% of hospitalized cardiovascular patients, with gastrointestinal bleeding being the most common. • Antiplatelet and anticoagulant therapies were the leading causes of ADRs, highlighting the need for careful risk-benefit assessment. • Advanced age, polypharmacy, and renal impairment were independent predictors of ADRs, enabling targeted prevention strategies. • ADRs significantly prolonged hospital stays and increased mortality, underscoring the importance of proactive pharmacovigilance.