Key Takeaways & Executive Findings
- •• ADRs occurred in 19% of hospitalized cardiovascular patients, with gastrointestinal bleeding being the most common. • Antiplatelet and anticoagulant therapies were the leading causes of ADRs, highlighting the need for careful risk-benefit assessment. • Advanced age, polypharmacy, and renal impairment were independent predictors of ADRs, enabling targeted prevention strategies. • ADRs significantly prolonged hospital stays and increased mortality, underscoring the importance of proactive pharmacovigilance.
Abstract
Background: Adverse drug reactions (ADRs) are a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in patients with cardiovascular disease. This prospective study aimed to evaluate the incidence, characteristics, and risk factors of ADRs in a cohort of hospitalized cardiovascular patients. Methods: We enrolled 500 consecutive patients admitted to the cardiology department over a 12-month period. ADRs were identified and assessed using the Naranjo algorithm. Data on demographics, medications, and clinical outcomes were collected. Results: A total of 120 ADRs were recorded in 95 patients (19% incidence). The most common ADRs were gastrointestinal bleeding (25%), renal dysfunction (20%), and electrolyte imbalances (15%). Antiplatelet agents and anticoagulants were the most frequently implicated drugs. Independent risk factors for ADRs included advanced age, polypharmacy, and pre-existing renal impairment. ADRs were associated with prolonged hospital stay and increased mortality. Conclusion: ADRs are common in cardiovascular patients and are associated with significant adverse outcomes. Vigilant monitoring and risk stratification are essential to minimize their impact.
1. Introduction
Adverse drug reactions (ADRs) represent a major public health concern, particularly among patients with cardiovascular disease who often require complex, multi-drug regimens. The incidence of ADRs in this population has been reported to range from 10% to 30%, and they are associated with increased morbidity, mortality, and healthcare costs. Despite their clinical significance, there is limited contemporary data on the patterns and risk factors of ADRs in cardiovascular patients, especially in the context of modern therapeutic strategies.
This prospective study was designed to systematically evaluate the incidence, characteristics, and risk factors of ADRs in a cohort of patients admitted to a tertiary cardiology center. By identifying high-risk patients and commonly implicated medications, we aim to provide evidence-based recommendations for improving drug safety and patient outcomes in cardiovascular care.
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Zhang Wei, Li Na, Wang Fang, Chen Jing (2026). Adverse Drug Reactions in Patients with Cardiovascular Disease: A Prospective Study. Chinese Journal of New Drugs. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12345-024-0100-1
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Frequently Asked Questions
What is the incidence of adverse drug reactions in cardiovascular patients?
In our prospective study, the incidence of ADRs was 19% among hospitalized cardiovascular patients, with gastrointestinal bleeding being the most common reaction.
Which drugs are most commonly associated with ADRs in cardiovascular patients?
Antiplatelet agents (e.g., aspirin, clopidogrel) and anticoagulants (e.g., warfarin, heparin) were the most frequently implicated drugs, accounting for over half of all ADRs.
What are the main risk factors for developing ADRs in this population?
Independent risk factors identified include advanced age, polypharmacy (use of five or more medications), and pre-existing renal impairment.
How do ADRs affect clinical outcomes in cardiovascular patients?
ADRs were associated with significantly prolonged hospital stays and increased in-hospital mortality, emphasizing the need for vigilant monitoring and early intervention.
What strategies can reduce the risk of ADRs in cardiovascular patients?
Strategies include regular medication review, dose adjustment based on renal function, avoidance of unnecessary polypharmacy, and close monitoring of high-risk patients, especially the elderly and those with comorbidities.
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