ADATs: roles in tRNA editing and relevance to disease

• ADATs catalyze A-to-I and C-to-U deamination in tRNAs, crucial for wobble position modification and translational fidelity. • ADAT2/3 heterodimer functions in tRNA recognition, while bacterial TadA acts as a homodimer, highlighting evolutionary divergence. • Recent findings reveal ADAT2/3 dual role in RNA and DNA editing, expanding their functional repertoire beyond tRNA. • Mutations in ADAT3 are linked to intellectual disability, underscoring the clinical relevance of tRNA editing enzymes.