A GelMA/polydopamine hydrogel with PTH and osteogenically stimulated alveolar mucosa-derived stem cells promotes bone regeneration in MRONJ-affected wounds

• A GelMA/polydopamine hydrogel combined with osteogenically stimulated alveolar mucosa-derived stem cells and parathyroid hormone significantly enhances bone regeneration in MRONJ-affected wounds. • The PO group (GelMA/PD + OAMCs + PTH) achieved a bone volume of 38.46% compared to 21.81% in unfilled controls, demonstrating a 76% improvement. • The hydrogel exhibited superior adhesion strength and supported stem cell attachment, while miR-218 transfection effectively induced osteogenic differentiation of AMCs. • The combination therapy promoted soft tissue healing, reduced inflammation, and restored osteoblast-osteoclast coupling, addressing key pathological features of MRONJ.