Optimization of Process Parameters for Laser Cladding of Ni-Based Coating on 316L Steel Using Response Surface Methodology
Authors: A. Kumar, S. Singh, R. Kumar
Laser cladding is an advanced surface modification technique used to enhance the wear and corrosion resistance of metallic components. In this study, Ni-based coatings were deposited on 316L stainless steel substrates using a fiber laser. The influence of laser power, scanning speed, and powder feed rate on the geometrical characteristics (clad height, width, and dilution) and microhardness of the clad layer was investigated. Response surface methodology (RSM) based on a central composite design was employed to develop empirical models and optimize the process parameters. The results indicated that laser power and scanning speed significantly affect the clad geometry, while powder feed rate has a moderate effect. The optimized parameters were found to be laser power of 1.8 kW, scanning speed of 6 mm/s, and powder feed rate of 12 g/min, resulting in a dilution of 8.5% and a microhardness of 650 HV. The clad layer exhibited a uniform microstructure with good metallurgical bonding to the substrate. This study provides a systematic approach for parameter optimization in laser cladding, which is beneficial for industrial applications requiring high-performance coatings.
