• TDM significantly improves the efficacy and safety of anticancer drug therapy by enabling personalized dosing.
• Integration of pharmacogenomics and real-time monitoring technologies is set to revolutionize TDM practices.
• Standardized protocols and multidisciplinary collaboration are essential for the successful implementation of TDM in clinical settings.
• Future research should focus on overcoming barriers such as cost, accessibility, and the need for robust clinical evidence.