The role of secretome from mesenchymal stromal cells in promoting nerve regeneration after neurotmesis

• Primed MSC secretome significantly improves neurophysiological recovery and increases NGF levels in a rat model of sciatic nerve neurotmesis. • Secretome priming enhances the secretion of neurotrophic factors and immunomodulatory proteins, as confirmed by transcriptomic and proteomic analyses. • Treatment with secretome upregulates myelination-associated genes and promotes robust axonal regeneration, as evidenced by histological and TEM analyses. • The study supports the potential of primed MSC secretome as a safe, effective, and scalable cell-free therapy for peripheral nerve repair.