The functions and underlying molecular mechanisms of PIEZO channels in nervous system diseases

• PIEZO1 is highly expressed in glioma and promotes tumor progression via calcium influx and microenvironment stiffening. • PIEZO2 activation in intracerebral hemorrhage induces ferroptosis and secondary brain injury, while PIEZO1 dysfunction disrupts blood-brain barrier integrity. • PIEZO1 activation inhibits myelination and modulates immune responses in multiple sclerosis, and mediates pulsatile pain in migraine. • Targeting PIEZO channels offers therapeutic potential across various neurological diseases, including Alzheimer's disease and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.