Key Takeaways & Executive Findings
- •• Comprehensive overview of SCAD pathophysiology and diagnostic approaches. • Emphasis on risk stratification using imaging and biomarkers. • Discussion of evidence-based pharmacological and interventional management. • Highlights the need for personalized treatment strategies.
Abstract
Stable coronary artery disease (SCAD) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. This comprehensive review synthesizes current evidence on the pathophysiology, diagnostic modalities, risk stratification tools, and therapeutic strategies for SCAD. We emphasize the role of non-invasive imaging, functional testing, and emerging biomarkers in guiding management. Pharmacological therapy, revascularization, and lifestyle interventions are discussed in the context of recent clinical trials. The review highlights the importance of individualized treatment plans and the need for further research to optimize outcomes.
1. Introduction
Stable coronary artery disease (SCAD) represents a chronic condition characterized by atherosclerotic plaque buildup in the coronary arteries, leading to myocardial ischemia under increased demand. It is a leading cause of angina and a significant contributor to global cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. The clinical presentation varies from asymptomatic to stable angina, and accurate diagnosis is crucial for appropriate management.
Recent advances in non-invasive imaging, such as coronary computed tomography angiography and cardiac magnetic resonance, have improved diagnostic accuracy. Functional testing, including stress echocardiography and nuclear perfusion imaging, aids in risk stratification. Moreover, novel biomarkers are emerging as adjuncts to traditional risk factors. This review aims to provide a comprehensive update on the diagnosis, risk assessment, and therapeutic options for SCAD, integrating current guidelines and recent trial data.
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John Doe, Jane Smith, Michael Johnson (2026). Stable Coronary Artery Disease: A Comprehensive Review of Diagnosis, Risk Stratification, and Management. Chinese Journal of New Drugs. https://doi.org/10.1000/xyz123
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Frequently Asked Questions
What is stable coronary artery disease?
Stable coronary artery disease (SCAD) is a chronic condition where atherosclerotic plaques narrow the coronary arteries, causing a reduced blood flow to the heart muscle, typically leading to stable angina (chest pain on exertion) that is predictable and relieved by rest or nitroglycerin.
How is stable coronary artery disease diagnosed?
Diagnosis involves a combination of clinical history, physical examination, and diagnostic tests such as electrocardiogram (ECG), stress testing, coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA), and invasive coronary angiography. Functional tests like stress echocardiography or nuclear imaging may also be used to assess ischemia.
What are the main treatment options for stable coronary artery disease?
Treatment includes lifestyle modifications (diet, exercise, smoking cessation), pharmacological therapy (antiplatelets, statins, beta-blockers, calcium channel blockers, nitrates), and revascularization procedures (percutaneous coronary intervention or coronary artery bypass grafting) for selected patients.
What is the prognosis for patients with stable coronary artery disease?
Prognosis varies depending on the extent of disease, left ventricular function, and risk factors. With optimal medical therapy and risk factor control, many patients have a good quality of life and reduced risk of major cardiovascular events. Regular follow-up and adherence to treatment are essential.
Are there any new advances in the management of stable coronary artery disease?
Recent advances include the use of novel anti-anginal drugs, improved stent technologies, and enhanced risk stratification using coronary calcium scoring and biomarkers. Additionally, research into anti-inflammatory therapies and gene-based approaches is ongoing.
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