• An improved fuzzy analytic hierarchy process (FAHP) combined with entropy weight method is proposed for stability evaluation of deep soft rock roadways.
• The evaluation index system considers rock quality, groundwater, in-situ stress, and engineering disturbance, providing a comprehensive assessment.
• The method was validated in a coal mine case study, accurately predicting the unstable state of the surrounding rock.
• The improved FAHP offers a more objective and reliable approach for support design and safety management in deep soft rock engineering.