• RNA methylation, particularly m6A and m5C, plays critical roles in neurodevelopment, brain function, and neurological diseases.
• m6A is the most prevalent RNA modification in mammalian transcriptome, regulating neural stem cell self-renewal, learning, memory, and synaptic plasticity.
• m5C modifications are enriched in brain tissues and are linked to cellular stress response, programmed cell death, and brain angiogenesis.
• Understanding the regulatory mechanisms of m6A and m5C offers potential therapeutic targets for neurological disorders.