Regulatory effects of Yuping Shen’an Granules on neuronal autophagy in a mouse model of insomnia

• Yuping Shen’an Granules activate the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway to inhibit excessive autophagy in hippocampal neurons, thereby alleviating insomnia and anxiety in mice. • The treatment restores neurotransmitter balance by increasing 5-HT and GABA levels while decreasing dopamine and norepinephrine levels. • Network pharmacology and UPLC-MS/MS identified 35 main active components and predicted the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway as a key mechanism. • The study provides preclinical evidence supporting Yuping Shen’an Granules as a safe and effective alternative to benzodiazepines for insomnia with anxiety.