• Brain organoids with regional specificity (forebrain, hippocampal, thalamic, midbrain) recapitulate key features of human brain development and disease, offering superior models for ischemic stroke research compared to rodent models.
• Oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD) in brain organoids effectively mimics ischemic stroke in vitro, inducing cell death via apoptosis, necroptosis, autophagy, and ferroptosis, and causing significant changes in gene expression.
• Transplantation of brain organoids into animal models of ischemic stroke promotes functional recovery by integrating with host neural circuits, enhancing synaptic reconstruction, axonal regeneration, and angiogenesis.
• Brain organoids serve as valuable platforms for drug screening and development, as demonstrated by the neuroprotective effects of carnosic acid in OGD-treated organoids and in vivo models.