Radiation Therapy: A Comprehensive Review of Clinical Outcomes and Future Directions

• Modern radiation techniques (IMRT, IGRT) significantly improve tumor control and reduce toxicity compared to conventional methods. • Personalized treatment planning based on biomarkers and genetic profiling is crucial for optimizing therapeutic outcomes. • Radiation-induced side effects remain a major challenge, necessitating advanced supportive care and mitigation strategies. • Integration of artificial intelligence and adaptive radiotherapy holds promise for enhancing precision and efficacy in future practice.