• The essential work of fracture (EWF) method successfully quantified the fracture toughness of Q345 steel, yielding a specific essential work of fracture (we) of 312 kJ/m².
• The EWF results were consistent with those obtained from the J-integral method, validating its applicability for ductile steels.
• The EWF method offers a simpler and more cost-effective alternative to traditional fracture toughness testing, requiring only small specimens and straightforward analysis.
• The findings support the use of EWF for routine quality control and material selection in structural steel applications, enhancing reliability and safety.