Optimal exercise prescription for chronic low back pain in adults: a network meta-analysis

• Traditional Chinese exercises (Tai Chi, Qigong, Wuqinxi, Baduanjin) ranked highest among exercise types for relieving chronic low back pain in adults. • Optimal exercise parameters include 15-20 minutes per session, 6-7 sessions per week, and a program duration of at least 16 weeks. • Network meta-analysis of 40 RCTs showed that core stability, mat exercise, traditional Chinese exercises, combined exercise, and other exercises were all superior to non-exercise controls. • Suspension training was less effective than traditional Chinese exercises and mat exercise, highlighting the importance of exercise type selection.