Mitochondrial kinetic mechanism by which triptolide alleviates hydrogen peroxide-induced apoptosis in SH-SY5Y cells

• Triptolide alleviates hydrogen peroxide-induced apoptosis in SH-SY5Y cells by restoring mitochondrial fusion-fission balance. • Triptolide reduces oxidative stress markers (malondialdehyde) and increases antioxidant enzyme superoxide dismutase activity. • Triptolide upregulates mitochondrial fusion proteins (Mfn1, Mfn2, OPA1) and downregulates fission proteins (Fis1, p-Drp1). • Triptolide enhances oxidative phosphorylation complex protein expression and mitochondrial membrane potential, protecting neuronal cells.