• Microfluidic organ-on-chip platforms accurately mimic cardiac tissue and vascular structures, providing a physiologically relevant environment for disease modeling.
• Integration with biosensors and real-time imaging enables dynamic monitoring of cellular responses and drug effects, enhancing predictive accuracy.
• These systems offer a promising alternative to animal models, reducing costs and ethical concerns while improving drug screening efficiency.
• Challenges such as scalability, reproducibility, and clinical translation remain, but ongoing innovations are paving the way for personalized medicine applications.