Metabolic Reprogramming—The Nexus of Cellular Adaptations, Organ Crosstalk, and Therapeutic Innovations in Human Diseases

• Metabolic reprogramming is a primary driver of disease initiation and progression, not merely a consequence. • Multi-omics approaches reveal tissue-specific metabolic adaptations underlying cardiometabolic and gestational syndromes. • Targeting mitochondrial integrity and post-translational modifications offers novel cardioprotective strategies. • Metabolic interventions show promise in treating vascular injury and cancer chemoresistance.