Lung tissue repair mechanisms and risk models for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: an analysis based on computer simulation and experimental validation

• Severely impaired diffusion capacity, combined respiratory failure, and elevated red blood cell distribution width are major risk factors for frequent hospitalizations in COPD patients. • Early identification and intervention of these risk factors can reduce hospitalization frequency and improve quality of life. • FEV1% predicted below 52.9%, DLCO below 4 mmol/(min·kPa), presence of type I respiratory failure, and RDW above 14.5% indicate increased risk of frequent hospitalizations. • The study highlights the importance of comprehensive assessment beyond traditional pulmonary function tests to predict disease progression and guide management.