• Integrin signaling is crucial for mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) differentiation into adipocytes, chondrocytes, and osteoblasts, with distinct pathway activation in each lineage.
• The extracellular matrix (ECM) and its interaction with integrins regulate MSC fate, influencing tissue homeostasis and repair.
• Understanding integrin-mediated mechanotransduction and downstream signaling can optimize MSC-based tissue engineering and therapeutic applications.
• Targeting integrin pathways holds promise for enhancing stem cell-based regenerative therapies.