Integrated proteomics and transcriptomics analysis of the mechanism of Buyang Huanwu Tang in protecting the acute spinal cord injury rat model

• Buyang Huanwu Tang improves motor function recovery in acute spinal cord injury rats, as evidenced by increased BBB scores and inclined plane test angles. • Proteomic and transcriptomic analyses identified key pathways and core targets, including complement and coagulation cascades, lysosome, and antigen processing, with FGG, FN1, FGB, and CXCL1 among the core differential proteins/genes. • The therapeutic mechanism involves inhibition of the Toll-like receptor 4/MyD88/NF-κB pathway to reduce inflammation, and regulation of BAX/BCL-2 balance to suppress Caspase-3 expression and apoptosis. • The study provides a comprehensive molecular basis for the neuroprotective effects of Buyang Huanwu Tang, supporting its clinical application in spinal cord injury.