Fatty Liver Disease: A Comprehensive Review of Pathophysiology, Diagnosis, and Therapeutic Strategies

• Fatty liver disease is a multifactorial condition with rising global prevalence, closely linked to metabolic syndrome and insulin resistance. • Non-invasive diagnostic tools, such as elastography and serum biomarkers, are increasingly replacing liver biopsy for early detection and staging. • Lifestyle modification remains the cornerstone of therapy, while several pharmacological agents show promise in clinical trials. • Emerging therapeutic targets, including gut-liver axis modulation and antifibrotic agents, offer new hope for reversing advanced disease.