• The EGCG-modified Cu/Zn HA/GelMA hydrogel (G-E-Cu/Zn HA) demonstrated the highest compressive stress (41.03 kPa) and prolonged degradation, indicating enhanced mechanical stability.
• G-E-Cu/Zn HA exhibited superior antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli compared to other groups, attributed to the synergistic effects of Cu2+/Zn2+ and EGCG.
• The composite hydrogel showed excellent cytocompatibility and significantly promoted osteogenic differentiation of MC3T3-E1 cells, as evidenced by increased ALP activity, mineralization, and osteogenic gene expression.
• Incorporation of Cu/Zn HA and EGCG into GelMA hydrogels effectively controlled the release of bioactive ions and EGCG, reducing burst release and providing sustained therapeutic effects.