Effects of exercise intervention on cortical excitability and motor performance in healthy populations: a meta-analysis based on transcranial magnetic stimulation measurements

• Exercise intervention significantly enhances cortical excitability and motor performance in healthy populations, with moderate effect sizes. • Strength training is particularly effective in enhancing cortical excitability, while other training types show non-significant effects. • The meta-analysis included 15 studies with 380 participants, and sensitivity analysis confirmed robust results with low publication bias. • Findings support the use of exercise as a non-invasive strategy to promote neuroplasticity and motor function.