Dynamic evolution of evaluation standards for effectiveness and safety after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction in the knee

• Subjective patient-reported outcome measures have surpassed objective standards in frequency since 2009, reflecting a shift toward patient-centered care. • Early evaluation relied on Lysholm and Tegner scores, while later tools like IKDC-SKF, KOOS, and ACL-RSI became predominant. • Objective measures (KT1000/2000, Lachman test, hop test) remained stable but declined in overall use. • A combined approach using subjective and objective tools is recommended for comprehensive assessment of ACL reconstruction outcomes.