DMOG Pretreatment Restores Osteogenic–Adipogenic Balance and Mitochondrial Function in ONFH BMSCs through the HIF-1α/Homer3 Pathway

• DMOG pretreatment restores osteogenic–adipogenic balance in ONFH-derived BMSCs by stabilizing HIF-1α. • Homer3 is identified as a downstream negative regulator of HIF-1α, aberrantly upregulated in fhBMSCs. • Homer3 knockdown mimics DMOG effects, promoting osteogenesis and mitochondrial function. • The HIF-1α/Homer3 axis offers a potential therapeutic target for ONFH.